Friday, April 10, 2009

British Museum, in London:

This museum is the fantastic and most familiar museum for the peoples in the world especially for the london peoples. It was builtin the british period and called as the british Museum. This British Museum's collection of seven million objects representing the rich history of human cultures mirrors the city of London's global variety. In no other museum can the visitor see so clearly the history of what it is to be human. The origins of the British Museum lie in the will of the physician, naturalist and collector, Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753). Sloane wanted his collection of more than 71,000 objects, library and herbarium to be preserved intact after his death. He bequeathed it to King George II for the nation in return for payment of £20,000 to his heirs. If refused, the collection was to be offered to centres of learning abroad. A large and influential group of Trustees was charged with overseeing the disposition of his estate. The highlights of the museum was The Rosetta Stone, The room devoted to Egypt, The Doors Palace Khorsabad and Royal Oxus Treasure, Greek and Roman Antiquities This are all the highlights of the museum.
The Museum was first housed in a seventeenth-century mansion, Montagu House, in Bloomsbury on the site of today's building. On 15 January 1759 the British Museum opened to the public. With the exception of two World Wars, when parts of the collection were evacuated, it has remained open ever since, gradually increasing its opening hours and moving from an attendance of 5,000 per year to today's 5 million. The first famous antiquities, Sir William Hamilton's collection of Greek vases and other classical objects, were purchased in 1772. These were followed by such high profile acquisitions as the Rosetta Stone and other antiquities from Egypt (1802), the Townley collection of classical sculpture (1805), and the sculptures of the Parthenon, known as the Elgin Marbles (1816). In the 1880s the natural history collections were moved to a new building in South Kensington, which became the Natural History Museum. This departure and the construction of the White Wing (fronting Montague Street) made room for the increasing collections. King Edward VII's Galleries, formally opened in 1914, the Duveen Gallery (1939/62) and the New Wing (1978) provided additional public facilities, offices, display areas and library storage. However, solutions to the lack of space in the Museum still had to be found. This museum was found after a long struggle and it consists of many old architectures and many sculptures and also older statues for the peoples.
In 1973 the library became part of a new organisation, the British Library. The books left Bloomsbury for a new building at St Pancras in 1997. The museum was most famous only on 2003 The Museum celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2003 with the restoration of the King's Library, the Museum's oldest room, and the launch of a new permanent exhibition inside it called Enlightenment: Discovering the world in the eighteenth century. This museum is the wanted and hartiest museum for the london peoples and it was opened daily and the visiting hours and the maintenance of the museum is also gud and it was the tourist spot for the peoples around the world and for the london peoples also.

Czartoryski Museum, Krakow:

This Museum was founded by a princess after a long struggle and it was the most famous museum for the peoples around the world. It is called as Czartoryski Museum. The Czartoryski Museum was founded in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska. It was founded by Princess Izabela Czartoryska to preserve Polish heritage in keeping with the Princess' motto: "The Past to the Future". The first object of this museum was called as the "Temple of the Memory".In 1798, Izabela's son, Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, travelled to Italy and acquired "The Lady with an Ermine" by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael's "Portrait of A Young Man ", and many Roman antiquities. However, Prince Adam Jerzy was always more a politician than an art-collector. He was condemned to death by the Russians after the 1830 November Uprising and forced to flee across Europe. He established himself in Paris, and in 1843 bought The Hotel Lambert which became the Living Museum of Poland. All the objects from the first museum were displayed in Paris. In 1871, after the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, Prince Wladyslaw packed or hid all of the artefacts and fled. In 1874, the city of Krakow offered him the arsenal in the Old Wall as a museum, which he called upon Violet-le-Duc to renovate, who in turn delegated the project to his son-in-law Maurice Ouradou. In 1878, one hundred years after Princess Izabela's set up her museum in Pulawy, the new museum, as it is seen today, was opened. For nearly twenty years until his death in 1894, Prince Wladyslaw set about adding to the collection.

The princess of the museum was the famous author and it was the main museum and it was founded after a long struggle of the author and it was familiar to all in the world.In 1937, after Prince Adam Ludwick's death, his son Prince Augustyn , takes over as head of the Family. He married Princess Dolores Victoria Maria de las Mercedes de Borbon y Orleans and spent most of his time in Poland. Then, in August 1939, Europe is thrown into turmoil, and the museum is forced to prepare for war. Sixteen cases packed with the most precious objects are transported and walled in Sieniawa, while the rest of the collection is carried down to the cellars of the museum, where unfortunately the Germans find the cases and loot the tradable objects. Luckily although the Leonardo and other pictures are roughly handled, they are not damaged, and in 1939 the museum was came to the end and many peoples have visited the museum. When the Iron Curtain is drawn on Poland, the museum is reopened and run by the communist government. Although the economical situation is desperate, it survived thanks largely to the work of Professor Marek Rostworoski who dedicated his life to the collection. In 1991, the High Court of the Nation returned the Museum to its rightful owner, Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski , along with the library housed in a nearby buildings. Today the Museum is administered by the Princes Czartoryski Foundation set up by Prince Adam Karol in 1991. The Museum has organized exhibitions in Italy (Rome-Milan-Florence), Sweden (Malmo-Stockholm), Turkey (Istanbul), and Japan (Kyoto-Nagoya-Yokohama). In the fall of 2002, "The Lady With An Ermine" was featured at the Milwaukee Art Museum's tribute to the splendour of Poland. The portrait and other items from the Collection also went on to Houston and San Francisco throughout 2003. In 2003 end the museum was the familiar and reached to the peoples in all over the world and it was the familiar museum now and it was located in acres of the ground and it was in the center of it. This are all the familiar and most famous museum in the world.